Revision Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty (ORIGINAL PDF from Publisher)

Connective tissue diseases (CTD) represent a group of autoimmune disorders characterized by chronic inflammation of connective tissues, manifesting as intricate conditions involving multiple organs and systems. Despite substantial progress, the pathogenesis and etiology of connective tissue diseases remain incompletely understood, with genetic factors, immune disturbances, and infections as potential contributors. Recent advancements in immunology have shed light on the immune complexities accompanying most connective tissue diseases. These changes in T-cell behavior, hyperfunctioning humoral immunity, autoantibody-mediated immune responses, and immune injury are induced by a multitude of inflammatory mediators and cytokines. These revelations open doors to innovative interventions and therapeutic strategies.